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Electrical Tech / Dome light, power locks, power mirror, digital speedo all out
The problem was the driver side lighted visor vanity mirror. The wire had a small cut on the side which shorted against the mounting bracket. One piece of electrical tape, one new fuse, and everything's back to normal. I also have to say thanks to a wonderful person at Tasca Ford/Lincoln/Mazda in RI where we bought the car brand new in 1985 (they were in Seekonk, MA at the time). I told him I had isolated the short to circuit 8 with the help of everyone on this board, and he immediately replied via email and said that the frayed visor wires are (I suppose the right verb would be "were" given that there probably aren't many 32 year old Cougars on the road anymore) a common cause of short circuits like this. Funny thing is I did have the headliner replaced 3 years ago, but I don't think that had anything to do with it.
It all makes sense now. I lowered the visor when driving to a car show in the late afternoon, and I noticed when we were leaving the show that the speedo and odo were out. The clock stopped at 7:55pm (which was when we left), so I'm thinking I must have raised/used/moved the visor on the way out and shorted out the circuit.
Long story, I know, but problem solved and hopefully someone will find this handy if they ever search for a similar issue.
Thanks again everyone!